![]() ![]() The increase of current density on the electrolytic cell and electrode plate is the direct cause of accelerating zinc deposition and aggravating anodic corrosion. Finally, the distribution of secondary current density in the electrolytic cell was simulated by the method of computational fluid dynamics. In addition, the corrosion behavior of Pb-Ag anode at high current density was studied, which suggest that Pb-Ag anode displays higher surface roughness and lower oxygen evolution overpotential at high current density with the main corrosion phase of β-PbO2. The XRD analysis of the zinc plates at different current densities revealed that high current densities change the zinc growth preferential orientation, leading to poor surface quality. The percentage of hydrogen evolution at current density 800 A/m² increased by 3.3% compared to 500 A/m², and the current efficiency decreased by 3.06%. The results suggest that the increase of current density increases the proportion of hydrogen evolution at the cathode and thus decreases the current efficiency. In this work, the effects of high current density (500 A/m², 600 A/m², 700 A/m², 800 A/m²) on zinc electrodeposition as well as the anodic corrosion behavior of lead silver alloy were investigated. ![]() The twinned-textured growth morphology can be considered as an index of high particulate entrainment in a cathode for quality control purposes using optical metallography. The formation of random nodules on the copper cathodes can be related to the synergistic effect of particulates and the disturbance in the electrolyte velocity. In these conditions, the random tips created by the topographic transitions require a relatively lower potential and therefore the current localized on these areas may develop nodules by either 3D nucleation or re-twinning field-oriented growth. At constant current density, the higher electrolyte velocity increases the potential required for electrodeposition by increasing the inhibition intensity (the boundary layer of inhibitors at the deposition front decreases and more catalyzation sites can be masked/inhibited). The nodulation is mostly associated with the cathodes placed near the electrolyte outlet in the tank house, where the electrolyte is considered likely to be at a significantly higher velocity. In the case of high inhibition intensity, grain size contraction may occur which increases the possibility of formation of field-oriented growth and nodulation. Depositing particulates on the deposition front may cause topographic transitions from the favorable valley-based growth to the less favorable peak-based growth by hindering the lateral growth via masking the re-entrant catalyzing corners, leading to final nodulation of the cathode. #CATHODE VS ANODE FULL#The effect of N/P ratio on electrochemical properties of lithium batteries can help to design the safe full cell without lithium plating.A descriptive model for the twin-textured growth morphology of electro-refined copper cathodes is proposed, taking into account the effect of suspended particulates as an integral part of industrial electro-refining baths on the electrocatalytic behavior of the deposition front. Among the cells with differently designed N/P ratios, significant difference was not observed in the aging test with fully charged batteries at 25 and 45 ☌. The cell with an N/P ratio higher than 1.10 effectively suppresses the lithium plating at the 0.85C-rate charging at 25 ☌ and the cell with 1.20 of N/P ratio shows the enhanced cycle performance in comparison with other cells. The N/P ratio is controlled by adjusting the anode thickness with a fixed anode density. In this study, the effect of N/P ratio (1.10, 1.20, and 1.30) on electrochemical properties has been investigated with a lithium polymer battery with PVdF-coated separator and 1.40 Ah of capacity. The areal capacity ratio of negative to positive electrodes (N/P ratio) is the most important factor to design the lithium ion batteries with high performance in the consideration of balanced electrochemical reactions. ![]()
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